
In the south-east – from Anatolia up into the Caucasus and down into Mesopotamia – turmoil continued. Peace was reached between Poland and Russia only with the Treaty of Riga in 1921. Control over Kiev had by then changed hands 16 times since the end of 1918. The armistice did not cover the east of Europe, where fighting continued to rage for years in the wake of the collapse of the Russian Empire and the Bolshevik revolution.Īfter the turmoil of its civil war, the Bolshevik armies advancing towards the heart of Europe were stopped at the crucial battle outside of Warsaw in August of 1920.

But now, finally, an armistice agreement came into force.

For four long years millions of men and women had fought. It was a hundred years ago a month from now that the guns fell silent on the Western Front.
